雅各布·约尔丹斯（Jacob Jordaens，1593–1678） · Public domain
c. 1 BC–AD 64–68 (uncertain)
Saint Peter / Sanctus Petrus
Saint Peter · 梵蒂冈
1st-century Christian apostle, in Catholic tradition the first Bishop of Rome (Pope).
Originally named Simon, he was a fisherman by trade and one of Jesus's twelve apostles; according to the New Testament, Jesus called him the "rock" and built the Church upon him; Catholic tradition holds that he travelled to Rome to preach and was martyred in Rome during Nero's persecution. **Note the distinction:** the details of his journey to Rome and martyrdom rest mainly on church tradition and early Christian writings, and cannot be directly confirmed from contemporary official archives; the attribution of the bones in the tomb beneath St. Peter's Basilica is still discussed academically, and this draft follows the wording "tradition holds", without making absolute assertions.
People & stories
Places in their life
Traditional place of martyrdom and burial Vatican Hill, Rome, beneath the main altar of today's St. Peter's Basilica.
People
Cultural significance
The theological and historical foundation of the Vatican's existence; St. Peter's Basilica and St. Peter's Square are both named after him.
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